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Lawmakers from Mexican President-elect Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s National Regeneration Movement (MORENA)
on Tuesday submitted a bill for a new national guard that aims to replace the armed forces in the fight against organized crime.
The bill aims to create a new 83 ,000-strong force drawn from the ranks of the armed forces (36,000 elements) and federal police (37,000 elements), as well as the Navy (10,000), a step requiring changes to the constitution.
The president of Morena in San Lázaro, Mario Delgado, claimed that the government will aim to recruit 50,000 more elements in the national guard during the next three years. Critics fear the initiative could further militarize the fight against criminal gangs.
Former President Felipe Calderón
sent in the armed forces to fight warring drug cartels at the end of 2006 , but the gang violence has since claimed more than 170,000 lives .
“More than 90 percent of crimes end up going unpunished , and the country is still seriously suffering from not having a professional police force,” said MORENA congresswoman María Alvarado as she set out the grounds for the initiative.
Trying to stem the bloodshed, successive Mexican governments have made changes to police and security forces. The deployment of the armed forces was only intended to be temporary.
The outgoing administration of President Enrique Peña Nieto created a gendarmerie to oversee the fight against organized crime . It was later heavily scaled back.
The crackdown against gangs has led to frequent accusations of human rights abuses by the armed forces.
Peña Nieto’s administration has been condemned for its handling of a number of cases, in particular the 2014 abduction and disappearance of 43 student teachers by a drug gang in cahoots with local police in southwest Mexico.
López Obrador, a leftist who takes office on Dec. 1
, wants to curb the violence by tackling poverty and inequality , and has floated the idea of an amnesty for some lesser criminals.
To complement that push, his government also aims to liberalize laws for drugs including marijuana .
But the national guard plan has sparked criticism from some human rights groups and opposition politicians, who see it as a continuation of the existing policy under a different guise.
With the national guard, “the strategy of militarization is deepened,” said Lucía Riojas, an independent opposition congresswoman . “And it’s become clear in the last 12 years that there’s absolutely no evidence that having the army on the streets helps to reduce the violence,” she told Reuters .
The draft bill contemplates changes to the constitution that would mean that national guard members receive human rights training, are tried by civil courts and will not be able to move detainees to military institutions.
According to Mario Delgado, the Federal Police will not disappear right away, though its main functions will be transferred to the National Guard gradually. He warned that there would be no free passes and during the establishment of the new security body, each and every one of its members would be subject to examination.
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